Many cases may not end at the national level. If a party does not agree with the Court’s judgment the international law allows an appeal to a Court of higher level or there is a possibilty to submit a complaint to the European Court of Human Rights.

A large number of cases concerns compensation for long lasting proceedings as well as excessive length or condition of the detention or arrest. Human Rights issues concerns also the protection of property. Other Convention guarantees are the right to life, the prohibition of torture, the prohibition of slavery, the right to liberty, the right to a fair trial, the right to respect for private life, the freedom of thought, the freedom of expression, the freedom of assembly, the right to an effective remedy and the prohibition of discrimination.

The Convention may provide effective legal remedies also in cases of violation of rights of persons seeking international protection (ia. the safeguards relating to protection of aliens).

A particular standard of protection of person living in the territory of the EU is provided by the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights whose articles may be invoked before the General Court and the Court of Justice of the European Union.